Soviet federative republic, formed in March 1922 as a result of the union of Azerbaijan, Armenian, and Georgian Soviet Republics.

After the establishment of Soviet power in Transcaucasia, the question of the form of cooperation between local Soviet state formations came up. On March 12, 1922, representatives of Azerbaijan, Armenian, and Georgian Soviet Republics signed an agreement in Tiflis on the establishment of the Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia. Tiflis became the capital of the new republic.

On December 13, 1922, the 1st Transcaucasian Congress of Soviets was held in Baku, at which the Union was transformed into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. The Congress approved the Constitution of the Transcaucasian SFSR, elected the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars headed by Ivan Orakhelashvili. Meanwhile, each of the three republics retained its own Central Executive Committees and Councils of People’s Commissars.

On December 30, 1922, the Transcaucasian SFSR together with the Russian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, and the Byelorussian SSR signed an agreement on the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).