The assassination attempt on Vladimir Lenin in Petrograd.

The Declaration of the Rights of the Working and Exploited People is adopted by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) as a constitutional act proclaiming the basic principles and tasks of Soviet Russia.

The Shamkhor massacre. During the disarmament of echelons with Russian soldiers returning from the front, up to 2 thousand are killed and several thousand injured by Tatar (Azerbaijani) armed squads in Shamkhor railway station in the Elizavetpol region (Ganja) district. The disarmament was carried out within the framework of the general policy of Transcaucasian Commissariat (headed by Evgeny Gegechkori), the Caucasian Regional Center of Soviets (headed by Noe Zhordania), Georgian National Council and the Muslim National Committee. These events contributed to the destabilization of the situation in the region, the escalation of interethnic clashes (especially Armenian-Azerbaijani).

The Decree On the organization of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Fleet is adopted by the Council of People’s Commissars (SNK).

The anti-Soviet mutiny of the 1st Polish Corps under the command of Lieutenant General Josef Dovbor-Musnitsky. On January 21, the Commander of the Western Front, Aleksander Myasnikov, issued the order to disband the corps. Units of Latvian riflemen and sailors under the command of Joakim Vatsetis and Ivan Pavlunovsky, sent to eliminate the rebellion, pushed the forces of the corps to Bobruisk and Slutsk. February 20, 1918, saw the corps forces supported by German troops invade Minsk. The corps performed the functions of occupation forces in the Belorussian territories, according to the agreement with the German command.

The Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars (SNK) on the organization of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army.

Yekaterinodar is captured by the Reds.

The anti-Bolshevik revolt of the Socialist Revolutionary (SR) Ivan Gamov, the ataman of the Amur Cossack Host, in Blagoveshchensk. The revolt was suppressed by the united revolutionary forces of the Far East.

Vladimir Lenin’s decree-appeal “The socialist fatherland is in danger!” calling to fight the offensive of German imperialism. The death penalty is officially restored in Soviet Russia (for agents, spies, speculators, hooligans, and counter-revolutionary agitators). The ambiguity of a number of the decree's items resulted in a wave of lynching shootings conducted by local Soviet authorities: the most massive cases occurred in Crimea (February 22–24, up to 600 victims).

The First Kuban ("Ice") march of the Volunteer Army starts in Rostov-on-Don in order to join with the Kuban White detachments in Yekaterinodar (lasted until May 13).

Novocherkassk is captured by the Reds.

Rostov-on-Don is captured by the whites (a volunteer detachment of Colonel Mikhail Drozdovsky). By the next day, when the Reds recaptured the city.

General Lavr Kornilov dies during the preparation for the assault on Yekaterinodar. General Anton Denikin takes over the position of the Commander of the Volunteer Army.

The Don Salvation Krug (an elective national assembly) is proclaimed on the territory of the Oblast of the Don Host in the independent state of the Great Don Host headed by ataman Pyotr Krasnov.

The All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) adopts resolution "On compulsory recruitment into the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army". There begins the transition to a mobilization army in Soviet Russia.

The Ural Cossacks, who have rebelled against Soviet power, capture Orenburg.

At their joint meeting, Murmansk Regional Soviet, the Central Committee of the Murmansk Flotilla, and the Committee of railway workers adopt a resolution not to fulfill the demand of the Council of People’s Commissars (SNK) of the Russian SFSR to remove the Entente troops and decide to accept military and economic assistance from the Allies. The Entente troops launch anti-Bolshevik actions in Murmansk and the surrounding area.

Andrey Shkuro’s white Kuban partisans occupy Stavropol.

The American troops land in Vladivostok.

The British troops establish Russia’s first concentration camp on the island of Mudyug in the White Sea (near the mouth of the Northern Dvina and Arkhangelsk). By the time the camp was handed over to the White government of the Northern Region (June 2, 1919), out of 1,242 people were imprisoned, 23 had been shot, 310 died from diseases and conditions of detention, more than 150 had become disabled. The conditions of detention remained brutal, which led to an uprising of prisoners on September 15, 1919.

Novorossiysk is captured by White troops (General Aleksander Kutepov was appointed as military commandant).

The Askhabad uprising against Soviet power. The Transcaspian provisional government headed by the SR Fyodor Funtikov is formed (in force until January 1919).

The former imperial family is shot in Yekaterinburg.

The British troops land in the Baku direction.

The Turkish and Musavat troops enter Baku. The city was swept by several days' pogrom, which took the lives of about 9 thousand people, mainly ethnic Armenians.

The Armistice of Mudros between the Ottoman Empire and the Entente is signed. The defeat and withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from World War I.

The Entente troops land in Sevastopol. A large-scale Anglo-French invasion of the Black Sea begins.

The Compiègne Armistice between Germany and the Entente is signed. Cessation of hostilities of World War I.