January
The Khotin uprising in Bessarabia. Up to 3 thousand people were shot by Romanian troops during its suppression.
January
3
Tsaritsyn is captured by the Reds.
January
3-10
January
4
Aleksander Kolchak hands over the supreme all-Russian power to Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (AFSR) Anton Denikin. “All military and civil power throughout the territory of the Russia Eastern Outskirts” is handed over to Ataman Grigory Semyonov.
As a result of the uprising, the power in Irkutsk passes to the Political Center. The Russian government of Aleksander Kolchak is deposed.
January
5
January
7
January
10
January 11
–
February 8
Mid
-
January
The Reds are forced out of Latvia, Daugavpils and Rezekne are captured by the forces of the Republic of Latvia.
The end of the Ural-Guryev operation of Red Army’s Turkestan front under the command of Mikhail Frunze. The Reds defeated the Whites’ Ural army, captured Guryev (January 5), occupied the Ural region and the Embensky oil-bearing region. The remnants of the Ural army under the command of General Vladimir Tolstov with a supply train and civilians went on a march to Fort Aleksanderovsky (it lasted until March. Out of 15 thousand only 2 thousand people reached the destination).
Odessa offensive operation of the Red Army’s Southwestern Front. Right-bank Ukraine and Transnistria are occupied by the Reds.
The end of the Civil War in Latvia. The Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic ceased to exist (January 13).
January
16
In Chita, Grigory Semyonov announces the establishment of the Russia Eastern Outskirts Government headed by Kadet Sergey Taskin.
January
17
January
21
The Political Center hands over the power to the Bolshevik Irkutsk Military Revolutionary Committee.
January
30
An armistice between the Russian SFSR and the Republic of Latvia is concluded.
January
31
In Vladivostok, General Sergey Rozanov’s power is overthrown as a result of an uprising of the Bolsheviks in alliance with representatives of the revolutionary democracy. Primorye Regional Zemstvo Executive Board, the Provisional Government of the Far East, is established (on April 6 it became part of the Far Eastern Republic, but in fact, it operated independently until October–November 1920).
February 2
Tartu Peace Treaty is concluded between the Republic of Estonia and the Russian SFSR. Soviet Russia recognized the independence of Estonia, a border was set up between the countries.
February 2
The victory of the Khivan revolution. The monarchy is overthrown (the last Khiva Khan Said Abdullah Khan abdicated) by a coalition of the Young Khivans and the leaders of the Turkmen tribes with the active support of the Red Army’s Turkestan Front.
The Armed Forces of the South of Russia troops are evacuated from Odessa.
February
3-8
The truce between the Russian SFSR and the Czechoslovak army in Russia is signed, guaranteeing the Czechoslovak Legion evacuation from the Far East.
February
7
The former Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Aleksander Kolchak, and the last chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian government Viktor Pepelyaev are shot in Irkutsk.
February
8
Odessa is captured by the Reds.
February
18
The Provisional Government of the Northern region resigns, its members are evacuated from Arkhangelsk.
Arkhangelsk, abandoned by the Whites, is occupied by the Red Army forces.
February
20
February
–
March
The Pitchfork Uprising takes place in the Ufa, Kazan, and Samara governorates. An anti-Bolshevik peasant rebellion was caused by Prodrazvyorstka [Food requisition]. More than 20 thousand people participated, mainly Tatar and Bashkir population. The uprising was suppressed by the Red Army in the middle of March (about 3 thousand people were killed).
As the Kuban is occupied by the Red Army, the Kuban Krai (in 1918, the Kuban People’s Republic) ceases to exist.
On the night of March 12, Japanese troops attacked Soviet units in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur (as the Red Army’s Nikolaevsk front units under the command of Yakov Tryapitsyn entered the city at the end of February, the Japanese garrison then declared its neutrality). In the course of three-day battles, the Reds won. These events resulted in the execution of Japanese residents in the city and the “Nikolaevsk incident” at the end of May (the shooting of Japanese prisoners of war during the evacuation of Soviet authorities from the city).
March
March
12
March
20
The Ukrainian Communist Party (Borotbists) announce self-liquidation and the entry of its members into the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine.
March
27
End of March
The North Caucasian Emirate ceases to exist due to the death of Emir Uzun-Khadzhi (March 30) and the establishment of Soviet power in Chechnya and Dagestan.
April
5
April
6
The Far Eastern Republic (DVR) is established.
The end of the Red Army’s North Caucasian operation, during which the Reds achieved nearly full destruction of the Whites’ Don and Kuban armies (only the 40 thousand strong Volunteer Corps managed to relocate from Novorossiysk to Crimea at the end of March). Soviet power was established in most of the North Caucasus.
April
7
Pyotr Wrangel is given the title of Ruler and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South Russia. The Government of the South of Russia is formed.
Symon Petliura concludes an agreement on behalf of the Directorate of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UPR) with the government of Poland on a joint war against the Russian SFSR. On April 24, the parties signed a secret military convention. In exchange for military assistance, the Directorate pledged to take part in hostilities, as well as to agree with the de facto occupation of the western Ukrainian regions by Poland.
April
11
April
22
April
25
April
26
The Khorezm People’s Soviet Republic is proclaimed in Khiva.
The Azerbaijan SSR is proclaimed. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic ceases to exist.
May
7
The peace treaty between the Russian SFSR and the Georgian Democratic Republic is signed.
The liquidation of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia. The remnants of the Whites’ troops in the Crimea were transformed into the Russian Army (Commander-in-Chief Pyotr Wrangel).
May
11
June
6
July
4
July
11
July
12
The Moscow Treaty between the Russian SFSR and the Republic of Lithuania is signed. Soviet Russia recognized the independence of Lithuania, a border was set up between the states, the territories liberated by the Reds including the cities of Vilno (Vilnius) and Grodno were recognized as part of Lithuania. The treaty guaranteed Lithuania’s neutrality during the Soviet-Polish war.
An anti-Bolshevik uprising of Aleksander Sapozhkov begins in Buzuluk district of Samara governorate. It was eliminated by the Red Army forces in September.
The Socialist Soviet Republic of Belarus is proclaimed (restored) in Minsk.
The Riga Peace Treaty between the Republic of Latvia and the Russian SFSR is concluded. The independence of Latvia is recognized by the Soviet government.
In Tambov governorate, an uprising begins under the leadership of Aleksander Antonov (it lasted until the summer of 1921).
The 1st Congress of the Peoples of the East in Baku is organized by the Bolsheviks and the Communist International.
The revolution in Bukhara resulted from the capture of the city by the Red Army forces. The Emirate of Bukhara is eliminated.
July
23
July
31
August
7
August
11
August
13–25
August
14
The Ulagay's Landing: the landing and offensive of the forces of the Russian army of Pyotr Wrangel under the command of Lieutenant General Sergey Ulagay in order to open a new front against the Red Army in the Kuban region. By September 7, due to the Reds’ counter-offensive, Ulagay’s units had been evacuated to the Crimea.
The entire Czechoslovak Legion is evacuated from the territory of Russia (from Vladivostok).
August
15
August 29
–
September 2
September
1–8
September
2
September
13
The Union Treaty between the Russian SFSR and the Khorezm People’s Soviet Republic is signed. According to it, the Russian SFSR recognized the “full autonomy and independence” of the Khorezm NSR.
September
19–24
The 9th Congress of Soviets of Turkestan approves a new constitution and the name of the republic: the Turkestan (autonomous) Socialist Soviet Republic.
The 1st founding Congress of the Soviets of the Kyrgyz (Kazakh) ASSR in Orenburg is hold.
The Bukharan People’s Soviet Republic is proclaimed.
October
2
October
4-12
October
8
October
12
Nestor Makhno and the government of the Ukrainian SSR sign an agreement on a joint struggle against the Russian Army of Pyotr Wrangel.
The Treaty on Peace between the Russian SFSR and Finland is signed in Tartu. Finland renounced territorial claims on the territory in Karelia, but Soviet Russia ceded the area of Pechenga (Petsamo Province) on the shores of the Barents Sea to Finland.
October
14
October
22
October
28
The Russia Eastern Outskirts of Grigory Semyonov ceased to exist.
October 28
–
November 11
The unification of five regional governments (West Trans-Baikal, East Trans-Baikal, Amur, Primorsky, Sakhalin regions) into the Far Eastern Republic (DVR) is formalized by the conference of these regions’ representatives.
The Ukraine People’s Republic (UPR) finally ceased to exist as a state entity. Symon Petliura headed the UPR government in exile.
October
–
November
Due to the defeat of Pyotr Wrangel’s Russian army and the evacuation of the remnants of the troops and part of the civilian population from the Crimean peninsula, the Government of the South of Russia ceased its activities.
The Revolutionary Committee of Armenia takes power in the country. The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic is proclaimed.
November
13-16
The Crimean (Sevastopol) evacuation of Whites’ troops and civilians to Constantinople (more than 146 thousand people). The end of the Civil War in the European part of Russia.
The Red Army command decides to liquidate the Makhnovist movement. Fights with the Makhnovists continued until the summer of 1921.
The Red Army troops enter the territory of Armenia.
November
26
November
29
November
7–17
November
11
