Ieronim Uborevich was born in Kovno (currently Kaunas) governorate into a peasant family. After finishing the Dvinsk Realschule with a gold medal, he studied at the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. At the end of 1915, he was enlisted in the army. Ieronim Uborevich graduated from the Constantine Artillery School (1916). A participant of World War I with the rank of second lieutenant, commanded a battery and a company.

Since March 1917, Ieronim Uborevich was a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks). After the October coup of 1917, he was an organizer of the Red Guard in Bessarabia. He commanded a revolutionary company and regiment. At the end of February 1918, he was wounded and taken prisoner by the Germans and escaped in July. From August 1918, he was on the Northern Front. Since December 1918, he was Chief of the 18th rifle division, took part in hostilities against the interventionists and White Guards in Arkhangelsk direction. For battles in October, 1918 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

From October 1919 – February 1920, he was Commander of the 14th Army of the Southern Front. In March–April 1920, Commander of the 9th Army of the Caucasian Front (Front Commander Mikhail Tukhachevsky) successfully acted against the Volunteer Army of Anton Denikin, storming Yekaterinodar. Then he fought on the Southwestern and Western Fronts. During the Polish campaign of 1920, he commanded the 14th Army. In July 1920, he was appointed Commander of the 13th Army, which was operating against the army of Pyotr Wrangel.

In January–April 1921, he was assistant to the Commander of the armed forces of Ukraine and Crimea Mikhail Frunze. In April–May 1921, Uborevich acted as assistant to Commander of the troops of the Tambov region Mikhail Tukhachevsky during the suppression of the Tambov rebellion (uprising of Aleksander Antonov). In the summer of 1921, he was sent to Belarus to fight Stanislav Bulak-Bulakhovich. In August 1921 – August 1922, he was Commander of the 5th Army and the troops of the East Siberian Military District.

Since August 17, 1922, he was Chairman of the Military Council and Minister of War of the Far Eastern Republic (DVR), Commander-in-Chief of the People’s Revolutionary Army and Fleet of the DVR, member of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party –RCP(b). He led the Primorsky operation against the troops of General Mikhail Diterikhs in 1922, which resulted in the defeat of the main forces of the Whites in the Far East.

In the 1920s, he held high positions, including the Commander of a number of military districts (East Siberian, North Caucasian, Moscow). Since 1926, he was a member of the Permanent Military Conference at the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, since November 1934, a member of the Military Council at the People’s Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Candidate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. He was arrested in 1937 on charges of participating in a “military-fascist conspiracy” (“The Tukhachevsky Case”), convicted, and shot. He was rehabilitated in 1957.