A Don Cossack, a hereditary nobleman. He graduated from the Don Cadet Corps (1890), the Nicholas Cavalry School (1892), the Nicholas General Staff Academy (1900). He served in the Headquarters of the Guard troops and the Petersburg Military District. A participant of World War I, awarded the St. George’s Arms (1914). In 1914–1915, he was Commander of the 4th Hussar Regiment of Mariupol and later Commander of His Majesty’s Life-Guards Cossack Regiment. Major General (1915). He was assigned to the retinue of His Imperial Majesty. In October 1915 – April 1917, Bogaewsky was the Chief-of-Staff of the Pokhodny Ataman [inspector] of Cossack troops under Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich. He took part in the July offensive of the Southwestern Front in the summer of 1917.

In August – December 1917, Bogaewsky was Commander of the 1st Guards Cavalry Division, Deputy Chief-of-Staff of the 4th Cavalry Corps. At the end of 1917, he left for the Don region, which became the center attracting anti-Bolshevik forces. In January 1918, he commanded the troops of the Rostov region under the Host Ataman [Commander-in-Chief] Aleksey Kaledin. In February – March 1918, during the Ice March (the First Kuban Campaign), he commanded the Alekseyev guerilla regiment, then the 2nd Brigade of the Volunteer Army. He wrote his memoirs about this period called Ice March. Memoirs, 1918 (New York, 1963).

Since May 1918, he held important positions in the Don government of General Pyotr Krasnov: Chairman of the Board of Department Managers, Head of the Foreign Relations Department. Lieutenant General (1918). In February 1919, Bogaewsky was elected Host Ataman [Commander-in-Chief] of the Great Don Host. He had held the post until the defeat of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (1920).

In March–November 1920, he was based in Crimea. Bogaewsky was evacuated to Istanbul with the Russian Army of Pyotr Wrangel. While in exile in Paris, he was a founder of the United Council of Don, Kuban, and Terek, the Cossack Union, the Union of Cossack combatants. He initiated the establishment of the Don Historical Commission. In 1934, he became a member of the Society of General Staff Officers. Bogaewsky died in Paris, and was buried in the Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois cemetery.