An armed attack by the garrisons of the Krasnaya Gorka Fort and the Seraya Loshad battery against the Soviet regime during the offensive on Petrograd of Lieutenant General Aleksander Rodzianko’s Separate Corps of the Northern Army.
Krasnaya Gorka fort and Seraya Loshad battery located on the southern coast of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland made up a single complex with the forts of Kronstadt and defended the sea approaches to Petrograd. During the White troops of the Separate Corps of the Northern Army assault on Petrograd on the night of June 13, a mutiny prepared by officers-members of the National Center organization took place at the Krasnaya Gorka and Obruchev forts and the Seraya Loshad battery. The personnel of Krasnaya Gorka discussed the possibility of surrendering to Whites, advocated by the commandant of the fort Nikolay Neklyudov, whose supporters arrested the Bolsheviks. The officers at the Seraya Loshad battery also arrested the Bolsheviks and the battery commissar, but most of the garrison remained neutral and barricaded themselves in one of the bastions. The crew of the minesweeper Kitoboy, converted into a patrol ship, which was on duty near the battery, defected to the side of the rebels. All in all, on June 13, the rebels arrested about 350 communists.
An attempt at an uprising was also made at the Obruchev fort, where the commanders received a message about the beginning of the uprising from Neklyudov. The rebels arrested the Bolsheviks and sympathizers of the Soviet regime. But they could not draw the crew of the fort to their side. Soon, the Bolsheviks were released, and the conspirators themselves were arrested.
On June 13, in the daytime, Krasnaya Gorka began shelling Kronstadt but did not cause significant damage. In response, the battleships Petropavlovsk and Andrey Pervozvanny, the cruiser Oleg and four destroyers approached the fort and began shelling it. From land, the fort was attacked by the Coastal Group of Forces, formed in Oranienbaum, detachments of Petrograd workers, an armored train, etc. On June 15–16, 1919, the rebels went to the Whites, a significant part of the arrested Bolsheviks had been shot. On June 16, during the daytime, the units of the Coastal Group captured the Seraya Loshad battery. Joseph Stalin was in charge of the operation to suppress the uprising.
In July and August, members of the National Center were arrested by the officers of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (VChK) in Petrograd and Moscow. Some of them were shot. The garrisons of the forts and battery were reinforced by communists, and soon, within the Red troops, they played a part in repelling Nikolay Yudenich’s North-Western Army autumn offensive on Petrograd.
Saber of the lieutenant commander of Krasnaya Gorka fort Nikolay Nekludov, left by him in the fort during the retreat. Early 20th century.
SMPHR. F.I-1884/1.
Nikolay Neklyudov (1891–1939),
lieutenant, leader of the anti-Soviet uprising of the Krasnaya Gorka fort.
Knapsack left by the rebels in Krasnaya Gorka fort.
Early 20th century.
SMPHR. F.I-539
Crew of the Petropavlovsk battleship, involved in the suppression of the revolt at Krasnaya Gorka fort.
1919-1920.
SMPHR. F.III-6564
Funeral of the Red sailors who died defending the Krasnaya Gorka fort.
Bulla Brothers Photo Studio.
Petrograd. June. 1919.
SMPHR. F.III Vs-5535/2
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