The Russian Revival Union was an anti-Bolshevik political organization that united representatives of democratic and socialist parties and organizations. The Union was formed illegally in March–April 1918 in Moscow by Constitutional Democrats (Kadets), Popular Socialists and Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs), Social Democrats from the “Yedinstvo” [Unity] Group, and the cooperative movement members. The Union set the following goals: the armed overthrow of the Bolsheviks, the formation of a state democratic coalition government, the restoration of the country’s territorial integrity, the resumption of Russia’s participation in World War I on the side of the Entente, the restoration of zemstvos and city self-government bodies, the convocation of a new Constituent Assembly.

The Central Committee of the Union was headed by a Popular Socialist Venedikt Myakotin, then (simultaneously) by a Popular Socialist Sergey Melgunov and a Kadet Nikolay Shchepkin. The Central Committee of the Union included the following members: Kadets Nikolay Astrov, Nikolay Kishkin, Lev Krol, Vasily Stepanov, Prince Dmitry Shakhovskoy; Popular Socialist Nikolay Tchaikovsky; Social Revolutionaries Nikolay Avksentiev, Andrey Argunov, Mark Vishnyak, Aleksander Kerensky, Ilya Fondaminsky (Bunakov); Menshevik Vladimir Tsederbaum (Levitsky), Lieutenant General Vasily Boldyrev. Branches of the Union operated in Moscow, Petrograd, Vologda, Arkhangelsk, Vyatka, Omsk, Kyiv, and other cities. The Union also had military organizations, the central one in Moscow, headed by Boldyrev and in the regions (the Petrograd one was led by a Popular Socialist Vladimir Ignatiev, Generals Aleksander Verkhovsky and Mikhail Suvorov). The Union coordinated its activities with the All-Russian National Center, conducted joint negotiations with the embassies of Great Britain and France, supported the idea of foreign intervention to fight the Bolsheviks. It provided financial support for the Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom.

The Union played a major role in the preparation of the anti-Bolshevik coup in Arkhangelsk (August 2, 1918) and the establishment of the Supreme Administration of the Northern Region headed by Nikolay Tchaikovsky. Members of the Central Committee of the Union participated in the first (July 1918) and second (August 1918) State Conferences in Chelyabinsk, the establishment of the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals, as well as in the Ufa State Conference (September 1918), where they promoted the establishment of the Provisional All-Russian Government (Ufa Directorate) with Avksentiev and Boldyrev joining it.

In the autumn of 1918, due to the departure of many leaders of the Union to different centers of the anti-Bolshevik movement in Russia, the Central Committee of the Union actually ceased its activities as a single political structure. The overthrow of the Supreme Administration of the Northern Region (September 6, 1918) and the Ufa Directorate (November 18, 1918) marked the crisis of the Union’s policy. The active operation of the Union ceased in November 1919. The Union finally ended its existence in 1921.