Soviet republic, established in February 1921 as a result of the elimination of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG).

 

After the proclamation of the Azerbaijan SSR (April 1920) and the Armenian SSR (November 1920), Georgia headed by the Georgian Mensheviks remained the last non-Soviet Transcaucasian republic. On May 7, 1920, it allied with the Russian SFSR and was to break ranks with anti-Bolshevik forces, withdraw foreign military units from the country, and permit the activities of the Bolsheviks. In July 1920, the British troops left Georgia.

 

On February 11, 1921, an armed Bolshevik uprising against Noe Zhordania’s government began in Lori (a region in northern Armenia). On February 12, the troops of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army entered Georgia. The Revolutionary Committee of Georgia was formed, led by the Georgian communists (headed by Filipp Makharadze). On February 25, units of the 11th Army of the Red Army entered Tiflis. Zhordania’s government left for Kutaisi and then  Batumi.

 

On March 4, 1921, Soviet power was established in Sukhumi (the independent Abkhaz Socialist Soviet Republic was proclaimed on March 31) and in Tskhinvali (South Ossetia) on March 5. On March 16, 1921, the Russian SFSR and Turkey signed an agreement in Moscow, under which the latter erased claims to the Batumi Port and the northern part of Ajaria. On March 18, Georgian Menshevik Government was expelled from Batumi and emigrated to France. In July 1921, the Ajarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established as a part of the Georgian SSR.

 

On October 13, 1921, a treaty of friendship was concluded between the Armenian, Azerbaijan, and Georgian Soviet Republics for one part and Turkey for the other part with the participation of the Russian SFSR. The treaty defined the Northeastern border of Turkey which received Kars and Ardahan.

 

On December 16, 1921, the Georgian SSR signed a union treaty with the Abkhaz SSR to unite the republics on a federal contractual basis. On March 2, 1922, the first Constitution of the Georgian SSR was adopted. On April 20, the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast was established as a part of the republic.

 

On March 12, 1922, in Tiflis, representatives of the Georgian, Azerbaijan, and Armenian Soviet Republics signed an agreement on the establishment of the Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia. On December 13, 1922, the 1st Transcaucasian Congress of Soviets was held in Baku, at which the Union was transformed into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. On December 30, 1922, the Georgian SSR entered the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR.