The 7th (April) All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks), RSDLP(b), was the first legal all-party conference of the Bolsheviks to take place in Petrograd. It was attended by 151 delegates (133 with a casting vote and 18 with an advisory vote), representing 79,204 party members from 78 party organizations. The Conference rejecting a possible union with the Mensheviks into a single RSDLP, and thus played a decisive role in the final formation of the Bolsheviks into a separate party.

The conference enshrined the strategic course of the party towards the socialist revolution implying the transfer of all state power to the Soviets, which was reflected in the slogan “All Power to the Soviets!” After Vladimir Lenin reported on the current situation, the party’s tasks were specified as criticizing the compromise position of the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) and the Mensheviks with the bourgeois parties and the Provisional Government, winning the leadership in the Soviets, which were to take over the power peacefully. The party also supported Lenin’s thesis on the nationalization of all the land in the country. The resolution “On War” condemned the Provisional Government’s foreign policy. The conference elected a new Central Committee of the RSDLP(b).